Gates was born and grew up in Seattle, Washington USA. His father, William H. Gates II was a Seattle attorney and his mother, Mary Maxwell Gates was a school teacher and chairperson of the United Way charity. Gates and his two sisters had a comfortable upbringing, with Gates being able to attend the exclusive secondary "Lakeside School".
Bill Gates started studying at Harvard University in 1973 where he met up with Paul Allen. Gates and Allen worked on a version of the programming language BASIC, that was the basis for the MITS Altair (the first microcomputer available). He did not go on to graduate from Harvard University as he left in his junior year to start what was to become the largest computer software company in the world; Microsoft Corporation.
Bill Gates:
Lina Rocio Osorio y Efraín Eduardo Trujillo
They are important Industry Engineer of Colombia. They studied in the Nationality of Manizales University. They traveled to Belgian because they wanted to continue their project in here. They have worked since six years in the project in Colombia. This is thesis of University. It is about character physic and chemistry of the fiber Guadua. They are searching to use the fiber Guadua as oil for Industry and Car Company.
On the other hand, they won to Prize of Corporation for Development. This was giving for Government Belgian. This is Prize for student and scientific young from Belgian or Sub-development Country. Now, they study Master of material Engineer in the Catholic University of Lovaina.
They said in their interview, “We drem to help and give new condition for poo people from my country. This is the form as we help our country”. Also, they thanks God because they think they have done everything is for him.
The Cure:
The members of The Cure were barely out of their teens when they first started releasing music in the late 1970s. Their first album Three Imaginary Boys and early singles placed them as part of the post-punk and New Wave movements that had sprung up in the wake of the punk rock revolution in the United Kingdom. During the early 1980s the band's increasingly dark and tormented music helped form the gothic rock genre. After the release of 1982's Pornography, the band's future was uncertain and frontman Robert Smith was keen to move past the gloomy reputation his band had cultivated. With the 1982 single "Let's Go to Bed" Smith began to inject more of a pop sensibility into the band's music. The Cure's popularity increased as the decade wore on, especially in the United States, where the songs "Just Like Heaven", "Lovesong" and "Friday I'm in Love" entered the Billboard Top 40 charts. By the start of the 1990s, The Cure were one of the most popular alternative rock bands in the world and have sold an estimated 27 million albums as of 2004.As of 2007, The Cure have released twelve studio albums and over thirty singles, with a thirteenth album in the works.
Camilo
Compare Colombian culture with other cultures in the world:
In Colombia people are considered adults when they are 18. At this age they should be more responsible with themselves and their duties. In other cultures like in Europe, people at the age of 18 start living apart from their parents. They have to live in other cities because they travel to study far from home. Most of them don't have to work yet, however they are very independent from parents.
In Colombia, children should start school at the age of 4 or 5, however, people with economical problems have to start school later because they can't pay pre¬school education. Mothers have to take care of their children until they are 5 or 6. In contrast, in other cultures children can start going to school at the age of 3 because their parents can pay for that.
In Colombia, most children (hijos) have to take care of their parents when they are very old because they can be with them and because they do not have the money to pay special houses for them. In Europe, many children do not take care of their parents because they live in other cities or countries. They should live with them because elderly people need love and care.
two models for them to compare and imitate:
The best pet to have at home
Speaker 1: I think cats are better pets than dogs as they are very friendly
Speaker 2: It s true. But people say that a dog is a better friend than a cat.
Speaker 1: Maybe yes, however, cats are cleaner than dogs.
Speaker 2: Yes, but dogs are better workers than cats and cats are more lazy than dogs.
Dogs can do jobs such as helping the blind, helping the police and custom officers.
Speaker 1: I don't agree, and I consider that dogs are noisier than cats. Besides, they are
more expensive and they eat more than cats.
Speaker 2: that is not very important. In my opinion dogs are better company than cats as
they can go with you for a walk to the park.
Speaker 1: You are right but cats are always better hunters and can catch mice.
Speaker 2 : That is true, but I prefer a dog than a cat as they are more faithful and more
intelligent. F:CLX
Comparing and contrasting seasons
Speaker 1: For me, autumn is the most beautiful season in the year because it's cooler
and the trees change colour.
Speaker 2: Yes, but it is often more rainy and wincter. Besides, it's dirtier as leaves fall
from trees. I think spring is better.
Speaker 1: Spring is nice, but I like autumn much more because it makes me feel more
relaxed and happier.
Speaker 2: In my opinion spring is a wonderful season. It's my favorite season because
everything is so wonderful and beautiful.
Speaker 1: I think it is too hot. I don't like it.
Speaker 2: Yes, the weather is usually warmer and sunnier that in autumn. In addition.
beautiful flowers grow everywhere.
Speaker 1: Yes, however, the weather changes quickly, it's sometimes cloudy and rainy.
That is why autumn is nicer.
Speaker 2: O.k., but after the rain, the sky turns blue again.
Speaker 1: Autumn is good to visit my grandmother.
Speaker 2: it's boring. I prefer spring because I can spend a lot of time outdoors. For
example, ridding my bike and going on picnics.
Speaker 1: o.k. You are right. I think, spring makes you feel more energetic.
FUTURE PLANS
When I think about the future I like to project myself in many different aspects. Those aspects are my personal life and my career. I will start by telling you about my personal life.
In five years I will have many wonderful learning experiences that will make me a better person. Some of those experiences can be hard or difficult, but in the end they will make me learn about life and about myself. I will continue to have very strong bonds with my family. I will still go to Monday dinners to see all my aunts, uncles, and cousins. Also if everything goes well, I will marry the man I love. I am not planning to have any kids by that time, but you never know.
About my carrier, if everything goes the way I plan, I will have a Master Degree in Germany as Foreign Language. I will be teaching German here at the University. I will be in charge of this area and work on the development and growth of German language and culture in Colombia. But this can also be different. If I enjoy my studies in Germany and everything goes well I will stay there and study a Doctorate in the same field. So in five years I will still be in Germany and not here. If this happens I will be along different things from what I have planned.
These are my plans for the future. I hope everything turns out right and in the way I expect, but if this doesn't happen I know everything will be for the best.
England
England is in north-west Europe and is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is an island country and also part of the United Kingdom (UK). England is the largest country in Great Britain, the entire island of Great Britain, or indeed the British Isles. The south of England is mostly low-lying land, with hills and agricultural land and the north of England is mostly covered in moorland and mountains. England is only 35 km from France and is now linked by a tunnel under the English Channel.
SYMBOLS OF ENGLAND
The red rose is widely recognized as the national flower of England.
CULTURE
England's distinctive culture, habits, values and traditions have been enriched by successive waves of immigration. England's history as a nation goes far back in time, and its influence has reached across the world. England boasts great writers including Shakespeare, Dikens and Jane Austen, whose literary tradition is maintained today by authors such as Julian Barnes, A S Byatt and Harold Pinter.
The creativity and inventiveness of such brilliant architects and engineers as Wren, Paxton, Brunel and Lutyens has been recognized around the world. Lord Foster is among those who continue that great tradition today.
PLACES
v Tower of London
For over 900 years the Tower of London has been one of the capital's most prominent landmarks and a world-famous visitor attraction. Throughout its long history, the Tower has served as a royal palace and fortress, prison and place of execution, an arsenal, royal mint, menagerie and jewel house.
v Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey is one of the oldest buildings in London and one of the most important religious centres in the country. Many kings and Queens and famous people are buried or commemorated there. Its founder, Edward the Confessor, was made a saint after his death and he is buried in a special chapel dedicated to him. Every King and Queen has been crowned in Westminster Abbey since William the Conqueror in 1066.
v The Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament)
The Palace of Westminster, known also as the Houses of Parliament, is where the two Houses of the Parliament of the laws governing British life are debated and passed.
The Queen rides in a State coach to Westminster to open each new session of Parliament, usually in the second week in November.
From the middle of the 11th century until 1512, the Palace of Westminster was the royal home to the Kings and Queens of England, hence the name.
The Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament) contain the bell Big Ben that is struck each quarter hour. A light in the clock tower tells when the House of Commons is in session.
v Big Ben
Big Ben is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. The clock tower is situated on the banks of the river Thames and is part of the Palace of Westminster.
Officially "Big Ben" does not refer to the whole clocktower (also known as St Stephen's Tower), but to the huge thirteen ton bell that strikes the hour. The Big Ben bell has the following measurements:9'-0" diameter, 7'-6" high, and weighs 13 tons 10 cwts 3 qtrs 15lbs (13,760 Kg)
v Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is one of the most popular landmarks in London. It is the London home of the British Royal family. The 600 room palace is surrounded by a 40 acre garden.40,000 tulips are planted each year in front of Buckingham palace.
v Canary Wharf Tower
The Tallest building in the UK is in Canary Wharf, part of the London Docklands. One Canada Square, known as the Canary Wharf Tower, is 244 metres high and covered in stainless steel.
v St Paul's Cathedral
The first St Paul's Cathedral was built in 604 AD but burnt down in 675. The rebuilt cathedral was again burnt down in the Great Fire of London in 1666.
The present St Paul's Cathedral was built between 1675 and 1711 by Sir Christopher Wren.
The photo on the left shows the main entrance to St Pauls. You can see the distinctive dome of St Paul's from miles away. The dome of St Pauls Cathedral is the second biggest dome in the world, after St Peter's in Rome. At the dome's base is the Whispering Gallery. A whisper to the wall on one side can be heard on the other.
v The Millenium Dome
The Millennium Dome in London is the largest dome in the world, covering over 180 acres; it is 320m in diameter and 50m high with support towers reaching 100m. It can accomodate Nelson's Column standing upright and the Eiffel Tower placed horizontally. It was built on the Greenwich Meridian (0 degrees longitude) to commemorate the new millennium.
v The London Eye
The London Eye, next to County Hall, is another of London’s most modern landmarks. It is the world’s biggest ferris wheel, and will carry 800 passengers at a time on a thirty-minute ride. From its highest point of 450 feet, it promises views of up to 25 miles.
v 30 St Mary Axe
30 St Mary Axe opened on 27 April 2004, although its official opening was not until the end of May 2004. Infamously known as 'the Gherkin' due to its 3D oval shape, it is one of the first landmarks to become visible when you're travelling into London from many different places. The outside of the building consists of 24,000 square metres of glass arranged in diamond-shaped panes.
v Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square was built in honour of Admiral Lord Nelson after his victory in 1805 at the Battle of Trafalgar. Britain's most famous sea Lord, Nelson died in this famous battle against Napoleon.
The Monument was designed by Sir Christopher Wren, and erected between 1671 and 1677, it commemorates the Great Fire of London in 1666. The tower is 62m high and 62m away from the baker's shop in Pudding Lane, where the fire began. There are 311 stairs to the top of the monument where you can step out onto the viewing platform for an all round view of the City of London.
MONEY
The British currency is the pound sterling. The sign for the pound is . GBP = Great British Pound
We do not use the Euro. Although a few of the big shops will accept Euro, it is rarely used across Britain.
FOOD
v Pies the England
Pies are very popular in England. Pies are a baked dish consisting of a filling such as chopped meat or fruit enclosed in or covered with pastry.
Favourite meat (savoury) pies include:
Pork pie
A pork pie consists of pork and pork jelly in a hot water crust pastry and is normally eaten cold. Recipe Steak and Kidney pie
A traditional English dish consisting of a cooked mixture of chopped beef, kidneys, onions, mushrooms and beef stock. This mixture is placed in a pie or casserole dish, covered with a pastry crust and baked until crisp and brown.
Cornish pastie / Cornish pasty
A type of pie, originating in Cornwall, South West England. It is an oven-cooked pastry case traditionally filled with diced meat - nowadays beef mince (ground beef) or steak - potato, onion and swede. It has a semicircular shape, caused by folding a circular pastry sheet over the filling. One edge is crimped to form a seal.
Stargazy Pie
Herrings are cooked whole in a pie with their heads looking skyward and tails in the middle.
Favourite fruit (sweet) pies include:
· Apple pie
· Rhubarb pie,
· Blackberry pie,
· A mixture of fruits such as apple and rhubarb or apple and blackberry.
Britain is an island country and the surrounding sea gives England a varied climate. We never know what the weather will be like from one day to the other. It can be sunny one day and rainy the next. As we have such a variable climate changing from day to day, it is difficult to predict the weather. In general we have warm summers and cool winters. Our summers are cooler than those on the continent, but the winters are milder.
Best months to travel to England
Probably the best months to travel in England are May, June, September and October. These months generally have the most pleasant temperatures and less rain. July and August are the warmest months, but they are also the wettest. The sunniest parts of the Britain are along the south coast of England.
2007 - June and July have been the wettest months we have had for years. Many places have been flooded. August is turning out to be hot and dry.
LONDON
London is the capital of England and of the United Kingdom, is by any standard one of the greatest cities in the world. It has a population of over eight million people with a multitude of social and cultural backgrounds, and it occupies over 600 square miles.
London was the biggest port of the world's greatest trading nation for a period of 400 years between the 16th and the 20th centuries. It was the hub of that trade and the center of the British Empire.
London today remains at the center of the world's commercial and financial stage, and still plays host to the mother of parliaments and a centuries-old monarchy. In May 2003 the Government announced its support for London's bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games.
Biography of Alexander Bolivar.
I am Omar Alexander Bolivar.I was born on December 14,1989..I am from Chia.I am a student at la sabana University. I have many hobbies one of them is playing games. My favorite place on the net is youtube.com.
The whole event probably was not that exciting for me, but my memory from those days of my life is a little fuzzy.After doing some growing I began to attend school at the Saint thomas School.
I has plays on club level he currently plays for Chia fair play in the cundinamarca cup, where I scored one goal.
Unit 4 page 44
1. Complete these sentences with comparatives.
This café is very noisy. Can we go somewhere quieter?
That film sounds really boring. Murder city sounds more exciting
My job is quite good. It could be a lot worse
You seem happier today-you looked quite sad yesterday
The house was farther from the station than I thought
2. Complete the sentences below with a comparative and not as… as
a. The gold is more expensive than the silver. The silver watch isn’t as expensive as the gold
b. The Brighton train leaves later the London train. The London train doesn’t leave as late as the Brighton train
c. Health is more important to me than money. Money isn’t as important to me as health
d. Brown bread tastes is better tan white bread. White bread tastes isn’t as good as brown bread
3. Complete these sentences with superlatives
This jacket cost $ 350. It was the most expensive in the shop!
August is usually the hottest month in the UK. The temperature goes up to around 24 ·C
Sam is the tallest boy in the class. He is nearly two metres tall
This is fastest car I’ve ever had. It goes from 0-100 kilometres per hour in seven seconds
Michael is the friendliest man I’ve ever met. He loves to meet new people.
4. Complete the sentences using one of + a superlative + in/of
It was very hot day. It was one of the hottest day in the year
Susie’s a very good swimmer. She’s one of the best in Scotland.
Harry’s an intelligent boy. He’s one of most intelligent of school
It’s very old house. It’s one of the oldest in the town
It was a bad shock. It was one of the worse shock of my life
Marcos is a really brave soldier. He’s one of most brave of the army
5. Add a word to each sentence to make it correct
Do you know where can I pay by credit card?
Can you tell me where can I find a garage?
Do you know whose this is?
Do you know what time the next train of Manchester leaves?
6. Ask about the following things using Do you know…? Or Can you tell me
…?
Do you know where can I find cheap hotel?
Can you tell me where is Internet café near here?
Can you tell me how much take taxi to the airport?
Do you know if I need visa for I can go to Irland?
total english pre-intermidate student book
My Biography
I was born in 1989 in a town called Guatavita; this town is most beautiful that many others, because the tourist places than it has, these are very interesting and beautiful. When I was a child, I think in play and sleep, my life was quieter than now, because I didn’t had preoccupation although when I Had 13 years old, my Father died and I learned than the men live very little, but than the love is for always a help for continues.
My Mother is a beautiful woman, is the best mother of world, her word are the true, her eyes are the windows than teach the love of God.
I have a sister, her name is Adriana, she is a girl very intelligent and responsible, she has 16 years old, she is in the 11 grade of the college of my town, she will have study the English, I don't know.
My brother is younger than my sister, he has 13 years old and is very lazy how I, he name is Andres, He is taller than my sister but I am tallest of the family, a him as like the football as I.
In my child, my dream was I will be have my two parents lives and happy, but in end, a thing is a dream and other the true.
Now I will be have the opportunity of help at my family and give more happy than never, I know than nothing is easy but too know than want is can.
My history 18 years ago started, but now is when really I begin at the write it.
Relative Pronouns
Who: subject or object pronoun for people
which: subject or object pronoun for animals and things
which: referring to a whole sentence
whose: possession for people animals and things
that: subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)
Used to
'Used to do' is different from 'to be used to doing' and 'to get used to doing'
Used to do
We use 'used to' for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.
I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.
Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.
I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.
We also use it for something that was true but no longer is.
There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't.
She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.
I didn't use to like him but now I do.
to be used to doing
We use 'to be used to doing' to say that something is normal, not unusual.
I'm used to living on my own. I've done it for quite a long time.
Hans has lived in England for over a year so he is used to driving on the left now.
They've always lived in hot countries so they aren't used to the cold weather here.
to get used to doing
We use 'to get used to doing' to talk about the process of something becoming normal for us.
I didn't understand the accent when I first moved here but I quickly got used to it.
She has started working nights and is still getting used to sleeping during the day.
I have always lived in the country but now I'm beginning to get used to living in the city.
unit 3 page 34
1. Answer the questions below with going to and the word brackets
a. Have you had something to eat?
No, I’m going to have something to eat later
b. Have you taken the dog for a walk?
No, I’m going to take the dog for a walk after dinner
c. Have you bought Mary a birthday present?
No, I’m going to buy Mary a birthday present al the weekend
d. Have you painted the spare bedroom?
No, I’m going to paint the spare bedroom on Tuesday
e. Have you cleaned the bathroom?
No, I’m going to clean the bathroom in the morning
2. Make questions with going to for each situation
a. Your friend has said he definitely wants to give up smoking
When are you going to smoking?
b. Peter tells you that it’s Jane’s birthday next week
Are you going to give Jane’s present?
c. Your friend has bought a painting
Where is your friend going to put it?
d. You see a friend filling a bucket with hot water
Are you going to wash the car?
3. Make one sentence from two. Use who, which or where.
a. A waiter brought us our food. He was very friendly
The waiter brought us our food who was very friendly
b. This is a restaurant. John asked me to marry him here.
This is a restaurant where John asked me to marry him
c. A train goes to the airport. It run every twenty minutes
The train goes to the airport which runs every twenty minutes
d. Some men robbed the post office. They escaped in a black BMW
The mans robbed the post office who escaped in a black BMW
e. This is the corner of the road. The accident happened here
This is the corner of the road where the accident happened
4. Find and correct four Present Continuous mistakes in this conversation
A: Hi Tim! What do you do this evening?
B: Not a lot. Actually, I’m probably having quiet evening at home alone
A: Why don’t you come round to my house? I’m inviting a few friends over for dinner
B: I’m not sure. I’m quite tired
A: How about tomorrow night?
B: I’m going to see a film with my brother. Why don’t you come too?
A: Great! I’d love to
5. Write complete sentences about what the person is doing on each day
She is going to Dentist at 1 pm
She is going to eat lunch with Jenny at 2 pm
She is going to take Italian class at 6:30 pm
She is having on Tuesday
She is doing presentation to Sales Reps at 10 am
She is meeting with Marketing Director at 3 pm
She is calling phone US office at 6 pm
She is going to cinema with Nathan at 8 pm
6. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete the sentences
We’ve just bought a new electric cooker
Who is the new chef at the restaurant?
I want to be a vegetarian but I like meat much too.
I’d love to work abroad-perhaps in New York
That meal gets low marks from me. It was horrible!
That looks very tasty. Can I have some?
It smells great. How does it taste?
I’m cooking for Ruth tonight. Do you know a recipe for chicken and spinach?
COMPARING RESTAURANTS
COMPARING RESTAURANTS
COMPARING RESTAURANTSThere are many restaurants available for people who work and study at La Sabana University. Two of the most important are el Meson de La Sabana and El Humero, which are very well know for almost everybody in the University.Although these two restaurants are good options if you want to give up food made at home or when you do not want to cook for yourself, there are several differences between them. El Meson is located in the Sabana University while El Humero is located in the town centre. Besides, El Meson opens from 8 to 5 while El regards to the food that they offer, El Meson offers more married food than el Humero since they have a bar salads which is made of fresh vegetables and fruit. In contrast, El Humero doesn’t have this service. Food en Humero is not as varied as in El Meson. Considering the prizes it is woeth saying that El mason has better prizes for students than El Humero, which is a lot more expensive. Taking into account the place, it is clear that both restaurants are big, however, El Meson is more comfortable than El Humero and we could say that El Humero is not as gig El Meson since there are three different sections very well distributed. El Humero has more tables and chairs than El Meson but it has a Self service area, which makes it faster and easier.People from La Sabana University have significant places to eat out. El Meson and El humero are two restaurants where people can have a good time eating good food.
AUSTRALIA
Australia is a land of contrasts - topographical, cultural, physical, meterological and visual. About 40,000 years ago, the Aborigines were the first to settle. They lived as hunters and gatherers for this entire time, living with a close link to nature, although backburning and other poor agricultural techniques have since been realised to have caused significant deforestation, salinification of the soil and elimination of much of the natural diversity of the landscape. Such a poor ability to interact with nature, despite it being so important, helps explain why much of Australia is now unsuitable for sustaining life. Interestingly, this provides one of the few examples of where the native population damaged the land more than later waves of settlers. Their way of living developed into a complex culture based on oral tradition and intricate social bounds, which was almost destroyed by the second wave of settlers, who were able to populate the land with much more success.
Australia is a nation in its own right, it is also a technically a continent, with large differences between regions. It has a reputation as a land of leisure, with sun, sea and an enviable 'Crocodile Dundee' outdoor lifestyle, but this is just a very narrow conception of a continent. The reality however, is that most people work all day, and then spend the weekend running around trying to pack life into the 2 days on the weekend. Only the homeless and tourists have time to sit around on the beach, or laze away days watching sport on TV.
One of the states is the island state Tasmania of which one fifth is World Heritage area. Each state has its own national parks with their specific character where you can indulge in bush-walking or maybe even rock-climbing. When you’re interested in the miracles of water-world, you can’t miss out on the Great Barrier Reef on the east coast, the main reason for many travellers to visit Cairns. The Wet Tropics of Queensland comprise dense rainforests and foaming waterfalls. Rare species of animals can be spotted in the famous Kakadu National Park as well as ancient aboriginal art. These old drawings can also be seen in the Namadgi National Park.
Good places to set off for exploration of the great outdoors are big cities such as Canberra, Darwin, Adelaide and Perth, that all have interesting sights and a good cultural atmosphere as well. Of course, Australia is surrounded by sea, so good swimming and surfing beaches are more rule than exception, generally these beaches will be full of only tourists, especially during the week. So fun can be had watching people who haven't heard of sunscreen yet turning into lobsters, or getting trapped in the surf. North of Brisbane, is the Sunshine Coast one of the many stretches of coast where you can find excellent beaches, South of Brisbane is the better known Gold Coast, famous for being home to Australias equivalent of trailer park people and teenagers who can't afford a holiday somewhere better. Don’t forget the smaller historically interesting Alice Springs, or William Creek [the most isolated town in Australia] that will lead you right to the famous Ayers Rock.
Economic history of Australia:
The Australian Stock Exchange Limited (ASX) was formed in 1987 through the amalgamation of six independent stock exchanges that formerly operated in the state capitals. Each of those exchanges had a history of share trading dating back to the 19th century.
Deregulation of the Australian government started under the Hawke and Keating Labor government. Tariffs were progressively cut, the Australian Dollar was floated in 1983 and government run enterprises from the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories to Qantas were privatised. The Howard government continued with even more controversial reforms, including establishing a Goods and Services Tax and deregulating labor markets.
This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Australia at market prices estimated by the International Monetary Fund with figures in millions of Australian Dollars.
Canberra:
Sidney:
Sydney does not have the biodiversity of rain forests, but anyway there are around 2000 native plants and additional 1000 weeds, among which are a lot of plants from other regions of Australia. The rich flora feeds around 300 native birds and numerous mammals, marsupials, reptiles, etc.
Some words about the use of the terms weed and pest: The european immagrants thoughtlessly brought a lot of plants and animals with them. These plants and animals had been useful for economic and decorative purpose. Unfortunately a lot of the introduced flora and fauna replaced the australian counterpart. The european plants and animals had been resistent against the deseases which also came with the immigrants and caused the death of a lot the unique species.
Elizabeth II She was born 21 April 1926 Sheis the Queen regnant of sixteen independent states and their overseas territories and dependencies. Though she holds each crown and title separately and equally, she is resident in and most directly involved with the United Kingdom, her oldest realm, over parts of whose territories her ancestors have reigned for more than a thousand years. She ascended the thrones of seven countries in February 1952.
In addition to the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II is also Queen of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, and Saint Kitts and Nevis, in each of which she is represented by a Governor-General. The 16 countries of which she is Queen are known as Commonwealth Realms, and their combined population, including dependencies is over 129 million. In theory her powers are vast; in practice she herself never intervenes in political matters. In the United Kingdom at least, however, she is known to take an active behind-the-scenes interest in the affairs of state, meeting regularly to establish a working relationship with her government ministers.
Elizabeth II holds a variety of other positions, among them Head of the Commonwealth, Supreme Governor of the Church of England, Duke of Normandy, Lord of Mann, and Paramount Chief of Fiji. Her long reign has seen sweeping changes in her realms and the world at large, perhaps most notably the final dissolution of the former British Empire the consequent evolution of the modern Commonwealth of Nations.
Since 1947, the Queen has been married to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, born a prince of Greece and Denmark but after naturalisation known as Philip Mountbatten and subsequently created Duke of Edinburgh. To date the couple have four children and seven grandchildren; with an expected 8th grandchild from the Earl and Countess of Wessex expected later this year.
Scotland's climate
Scotland's climate is temperate and ocean, and tends to be highly variable.
It is tempered by the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic Ocean, and thus has much more mild winters (although summers warmer and humid) than other areas of similar latitude as Oslo and Moscow.
However, temperatures are generally lower than in the rest of the UK: températura historical lowest in the country are -27.2 ° C (-16.96 ° F) recorded at Braemar, in the Montes Grampianos , February 11, 1895 and January 10, 1982, as well as in Altnaharra, in the Highlands, on December 30, 1995. "[26] The maximum in winter around 6 ° C (42.8 ° F) in the lowlands, and the peak summer averaged 18 ° C (64.4 ° F).
Generally, the west of Scotland is generally warmer than the east, due to the influence of ocean currents, and at lower temperatures of the North Sea. Tiree, in the Hebrides Interiors, is one of the sunniest places of planet - had 300 days of sunshine in 1975.
Rainfall varies enormously across Scotland.
The west of the Highlands is the most rainy, with over 3,000 mm annually.However, much of Scotland receives less than 800 mm. The snowfall is not common in the Lowlands, but in areas with the highest altitude. Braemar experienced an average of 59 days of snow per year, whereas the areas of the coast have an average of less than 10 days.
the highest point in the British Isles
All Scottish territory was covered by ice during the Pleistocene ice ages, which has a significant impact on the landscape.
From a geological point of view, Scotland is subdivided into three areas: the Highlands and islands are located to the northwest of the failure of the Highlands, stretching from the Isle of Arran to Stonehaven.
This part of Scotland is composed primarily of old rocks from the Precambrian and Cambrian periods, which were high during the subsequent Caledonian orogeny.
This base is connected by multiple rock igneous intrusions of more recent times, whose relics have formed mountains as the Cairngorms or Cuillins on Skye.
A significant exception to the above are the strata of sandstone known as Old Red Sandstone, which have found fossils, found mainly around Fjord Moray.
The Highlands are generally mountainous and are divided by the Great Glen or "Great Valley."
The highest elevations of the British Isles can be found here, including Ben Nevis, the highest peak, with an elevation of 1,344 meters.
Scotland comprises more than 790 islands divided into four main groups: Shetland, Orkney and Hebrides, which in turn are divided into Hebrides Interior and Foreign Hebrides.
Moreover, in this area, there are several sources of fresh water, including the Loch Ness or Lake Lomond.
The mountainous terrain map of Scotland
Scotland took approximately the upper third of the island of Great Britain, northwest of the European continent.
Altogether, it encompasses 78,772 square kilometers. [15] The only border in mainland Scotland is the one that unites the south England, which measures about 96 km between the Tweed River on the east coast and the Fjord Solway in the west.
The Atlantic Ocean around the north and west of Scotland, while the east is the North Sea. Ireland is just 30 km from the Kintyre Peninsula, while Norway is at 400 km northeast, the Faroe Islands to 310 Iceland km and a 798 km north-west.
The geographic center of Scotland, traditionally, is a few kilometers from Newtonmore, in Badenoch, north of the most populated areas, but there are various opinions on the subject, depending on the mode used for the measurements, or if they are taken into consideration or not the Scottish islands.
The current territorial extension of Scotland is very similar to that established in the Treaty of York in 1237 between England and Scotland [16] and in the Treaty of Perth in 1266 between Scotland and Norway [17] There are a few exceptions: the Isle of Man, formerly territory Scots, is now a British Crown Dependency, the Orkney and Shetland islands were acquired from Norway in the fifteenth century, [18] while Rockall, a small rocky islet in the Atlantic, was annexed to the first UK Scotland and later by the Act of Rockall Island of 1972. [19] [20] However, the legality of the annexation has been called into question by Ireland, Denmark and Iceland, and probably has no impact on the international law.
kingdom
The kingdom of pictos (based Fortriu to the sixth century), was often known as Alba or Scotland, and experienced a significant development as a result, according to Peter Heather,'s own Roman imperialism. [3] Other scholars, however, put more emphasis on the Battle of Dunnichen, and the reign of Bridei III (671 - 693), and in a later period of consolidation under the reign of Óengus I (732 - 761). [4] The kingdom of pictos deal during the eighth century in which he wrote Beda Venerable, similar in size to that deal after the kingdom of escotos during the reign of Alexander I (1107 - 1124). Sin embargo, ya en el siglo X , el reino picto fue dominado por una cultura de origen gaélico , y se había desarrollado el mito de la ascendencia irlandesa de la dinastía real de Cináed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin o Kenneth I). [ 5 ] However, in the tenth century, the kingdom picto was dominated by a culture of Irish origin, and had developed the myth of Irish descent of the royal dynasty of Cináed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin or Kenneth R). [5]
Robert Bruce , vencedor de la batalla de Bannockburn . Robert Bruce, victor of the Battle of Bannockburn.
Scotland
Language escocés English, Scots Irish, Scots
Largest city Glasgow Glasgow
Queen Elizabeth II
Prime Minister Gordon Brown
Head of government Alex Salmond
Currency Pound sterling (£) (GBP)
Time zone Wet (UTC; UTC +1 in summer)
Anthem Flower of Scotland (unofficial)
Scotland (in English, Scotland, Scottish Gaelic, Alba; Scots language, Scotland) is the northernmost of the four constituent countries that make up the United Kingdom.
Together with England and Wales, Britain, within which covers one third of its total area, and also consists of more than 790 islands.
Bounded to the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, east to the North Sea and on the southwest by the North Channel and the Irish Sea.
Although Edinburgh is the capital, the largest city in Scotland is Glasgow, whose metropolitan area live near about 40% of the total population of Scotland.
The Kingdom of Scotland was an independent state until 1707, when the Act of Union marked its annexation to England to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
Despite this annexation, Scotland still has a legal system different from Wales, England and Northern Ireland, and is regarded under international law as a distinct legal entity.
The survival of some laws themselves, and an educational system and religious themselves have helped to keep the Scottish culture over the centuries.
Since the nineteenth century, there is a growing independence movement Scots, represented at present by the Scottish National Party (SNP, Scottish National Party), which advocates independence for Scotland, which won a simple majority in the Scottish Parliament in the March elections of 2007.
However, at present Scotland is not a sovereign state and therefore is not considered a member independent agencies such as the United Nations or the European Union.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tenth century is the oldest document in which the term appears Scotland, formed from the Latin term Scoti, of dubious origin, used as a reference to the inhabitants of Hibernia (the current Ireland).
The word Scotia, appeared in the Vulgar Latin, was used only to refer to the area of Scotland where there was talk gaéllico addition, this term alternated with Albania, from the Irish word for Scotland, Alba.
The use of the term to refer to Scotland throughout Scots only became widespread in the late Middle Ages.
In modern times the term Scot applies to all residents of Scotland, regardless of their ethnicity, as the Scottish identity is primarily civic and not ethnic or linguistic.
The term scot also used to refer to the Scots language, spoken in some parts of the Scottish Lowlands or Lowland.
It is not known exactly whether Scotland was inhabited during the Paleolithic, due to the successive ice ages that covered their current territory have been able to destroy all evidence of human settlements before the Mesolithic period.
It is believed that the first groups of hunter-gatherers came just 11,000 years ago, when the ice in the first glaciation began to retreat northwards.
The first settlements began to appear on the territory Scots approximately 9,500 years, and the First Peoples ago 6,000.
A well preserved rest of this period is the settlement of Skara Brae, the largest of the Orkney Islands.
It is precisely in the Scottish islands where you can find more remains of houses, and burial ritual centers of the Neolithic, in a good state of preservation.
This may be due to the absence of trees, creating buildings at the local rock.
The written history of Scotland begins with the romanization of the center of Great Britain (areas of England and Wales, which formed the province of Britannia).
The Romans called initially Caledonia ( "Land of Caledonios") to Scotland, by the New Caledonians immense pine forest that stretched from north to south and east to west across the country.
The Romanization of Scotland, for its part, it was a long process with lots of interruptions.
C., General Cneo July Agricultural New Caledonians defeated at the battle of Mount Graupio [1] [2], which allowed the construction of a chain of fortifications known as Gask Ridge, near Gap Highland (without venture , it seems, further north).
Shortly thereafter, however, the Romans retreated to the Southern Uplands ( "Plateau South"), ie, the third most southern Scotland, and began construction of Hadrian's Wall to control the tribes of the area.
This line marked for almost the entire period of Roman occupation the northern edge of the Roman Empire, despite the construction of the Antonine Wall, in the Central Belt and central Scotland.
This second border, however, could only be maintained for short periods of time, the later of which took place between 208 and 210, during the rule of Emperor Septimius Severus.
Altogether, the occupation of these areas in Scotland by the Romans lasted for no longer than 40 years, although the Latin influence in the southernmost part, especially among the tribes of origin Breton, was more durable.
The escotos, on the other hand, were a people of Irish origin who moved to the west of Scotland.
Slowly, were taking shape two kingdoms, the West of Scotland, Scotland, and the kingdom picto Eastern, Alba.
4 Review and practice
1. Complete these sentences with comparatives.
Use the adjectives in the box.
I thought she was older.
1. This café is very noisy. Can we go somewhere bader?
2. That film sounds really boring. Murder city sounds more exiting.
3. My job is quite good. It could be a lot worse.
4. You seem happier to day-you looked quite sad yesterday.
5. The house was farer from the station than I thought.
Sarah is 1.65 metres. I am 1.70 metres. (Tall).
Regular Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives and Superlatives are special forms of adjectives. They are used to compare two or more things. Generally, comparatives are formed using -er and superlatives are formed using -est. This page will explain the rules for forming regular comparatives and superlatives, and also show some basic ways of using them.Forming regular comparatives and superlativesHow these forms are created depends on how many syllables there are in the adjective. Syllables are like "sound beats". For instance, "sing" contains one syllable, but "singing" contains two -- sing and ing. Here are the rules:Adjective formComparativeSuperlativeOnly one syllable, ending in E. Examples:wide, fine, cuteAdd -R:wider, finer, cuterAdd -ST:widest, finest, cutestOnly one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant at the end. Examples:hot, big, fatDouble the consonant, and add -ER:hotter, bigger, fatterDouble the consonant, and add -EST:hottest, biggest, fattestOnly one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end. Examples:light, neat, fastAdd -ER:lighter, neater, fasterAdd -EST:lightest, neatest, fastestTwo syllables, ending in Y. Examples:happy, silly, lonelyChange Y to I, then add -ER:happier, sillier, lonelierChange Y to I, then add -EST:happiest, silliest, loneliestTwo syllables or more, not ending in Y. Examples:modern, interesting, beautifulUse MORE before the adjective:more modern, more interesting, more beautifulUse MOST before the adjective:most modern, most interesting, most beautifulHow to use comparatives and superlatives.
Comparatives:
Comparatives are used to compare two things. You can use sentences with THAN, or you can use a conjunction like BUT. Examples:Jiro is taller than Yukio.Yukio is tall, but Jiro is taller.
Superlatives:
Superlatives are used to compare more than two things. Superlative sentences usually use THE, because there is only one superlative. Examples:Masami is the tallest in the class.Yukio is tall, and Jiro is taller, but Masami is the tallest.
OTHER
MORE THAN OR LESS THAN
Mas que/de… Menos que/de….
A BIT MUCH
Un poco… Mucho más…
NOT AS…AS
•Rome isn’t as old as Athens.
•Your room isn’t as big as me.
•I didn’t got up as early as you.
•They aren’t play as good as we.
•You haven’t been here as long as me.
•He isn’t as nervous as she.
THAN:
THAN:
Publicado por Henry Jara
1) He isn’t very tall. You’re taller than he.
2) She isn’t very old. You’re older than she.
3) I don’t work very hard. You work harder than me.
4) I’m not a very good cook. You better cook than me.
5) I can’t run very fast. You can run faster than me.
6) She hasn’t been here very long. You have been longer than she.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING A COMPARATIVE
1. Helen’s car isn’t very big. She wants a bigger one.
2. My job isn’t very interesting. I want to do something more interesting.
3. You’re not very tall. Your brother is taller.
4. David doesn’t work very hard. I work harder.
5. My chair isn’t very comfortable. Yours is very comfortable.
6. Your plan isn’t very good. My plan is better.
7. These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue ones are nicer.
8. My bag isn’t very heavy. Your bag is heavier .
9. I’m not very interested in art. I’m more interested in history.
10. It isn’t very warm today. It was warmer yesterday.
11. These tomatoes don’t taste very good. The other ones tasted better.
12. Britain isn’t very big. France is bigger.
13. London isn’t very beautiful. Paris is more beautiful.
14. This Knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a sharper one.
15. People today aren’t very polite. In the past they were more polite.
page 24 unit 2
COMPLETE THE SETNCENCES USING THE PAST SIMPLE.
I LEARNED TO PLAY THE PIANO WHEN I WAS A CHILD.
MY FATHER TAUGHT ME(LEARN/TEACH)
1.HE SOULD HIS OLD COMPUTER AND BOUGTH A NEW ONE.(SELL/BUY)
2.MY GRANDMOTHER FELL ON THE PAVEMENT AND BROKE HER ARM.(FALL/BREAK)
3.I WAS ON A SPECIAL DIET LAST WEEK.I ONLY ATE FRUIT AND ONLY DRANK WATER.(EAT/DRINK).
4WHEN WE DID WATER ON HOLIDAY LAS YEAR,I TOOK A LOT OF PHOTOS.(BE/TAKE)
5.I WENT TO A CONCERT LAS NIGTH AND SAW TWO REALLY GOOD BANDS.(GO/SEE)
COMPLETE THE DIALOGUES WITH THE PAS SIMPLE OF THE VERBS IN THE BOXES.
SAY DO GO THINK MEET NOT/LIKE
A:WHAT DID YOU DO(YOU)LAST WEEKEND?
B:ON FRIDAY EVENING,I MET MY FRIEND NATALIA AND WE WENT TO SEE A FILM.I THINK IT WAS REALLY GOOD FILM BUT NATALIA NOT. SHE SAID IT WAS BORNING
STOP LIKE NOT/LIKE HATE BE LIVE
A: WHERE DID YOU BORN?
B:IN SCOTLAND.I LIVED IN THE COUNTRYSIDE WHEN I WAS A CHILD.
A:DO YOU LIKE IT?
NO, I DON'T LIKE IT.I HATE THE WEATHER BECAUSE IT NEVER STO RAININg
AGREE OR DISAGREE USING SO,NEITHER OR SHORT ANSWERS.
A:I'VE GOT A HEADACHE.
B:(AGREE)SO HAVE I.
1)
A:I THOUGHT THAT COAT WAS VERY EXPENSIVE.
B:(AGREE)SO
2)
A:I DIDN'T LIKE HER LAST SINGLE.
B:(DISAGREE) NEITHER
3)
A: I'M DOING MY HOMEWORK AT THE MOMENT.
B:(AGREE)SO
4)
A:I DON'T GO SWIMING MUCH
B:(AGREE)NEITHER
5)
A:I'VE GOT REALLY NOISY NEIGHBOURS.
B:(DISAGREE)SO
6)
A:I WENT TO A GREAT RESTAURANT LAST WEEKEND
B:(AGRE)SO
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVES.
A:HELLO.I'D LIKE TO APPLY FOR THE JOB OF SALES ASSISTANT.
B:WELL,I'HAVE HAD THE RIGTH KIND OF EXPERIENCE.HAVE YOU DONE THIS KIND OF JOB BEFORE?
A:YES,I HAVE.
B:WHERE?
A:WELL,I'VE HAD SOME EXPERIENCE IN A RECORD SHOP.
B:OH REALLY?
A:YES,I WORKED TWO YEARS AGO.
B:WERE YOU HAVE YOU BEEN A SALES ASSISTANT?
A:NO,I HAVEN'T.I'VE BEEN A CLEANER
B:OH,I'M SORRY.WE NEED SOMEONE WHO HAD EXPERIENCE AS A SALES ASISRANT
PAGE 14 REVIEW AND PRACTICE UNIT ONE
1.
Each sentence has one word missing.Write the missing word in the correct place.Look at the symbols to help you.
I love the colour pink
I absolutely love the colour pink
1) I'm quite on watching football
I'm always watch football
2) I stand science fiction films(that isn't correct)
I watch sience fiction films.(that is correct)
3) I like sending text message
I absolutely like sending text message
4) I really the winter(that isn't correct)
I dislike really the winter(that is correct)
5) I quite pizza
I absolutely love to eat pizza
6) I absolutely going to the beach
I absolutely love go to the beach
7) I mind getting up early
I dislike to get up early
8) I not very keen on dancing
I am not very keen by dancing
2. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the present simple
1) A:DO YOU GET UP(YOU/GET/UP)EARLY?
B:YES,I DO.IN THE WEEK I GET UP AT ABOUT 6:30.
2) A:WHAT TIME DO YOU START TO WORK?
B:At about 9:00.I GOING TO THE BED EARLY
3) A: DO YOU DO GO TO THE BED BEFORE TEN O'CLOCK?
B:NO, I DON'T,BUT I FALL ASLEEP IN FRONT OF THE TV MOST NIGTHS
4) A:DO YOU HAVE A SNACK BEFORE YOU GO TO BED?
B:NO, I DON'T I HAVE DINNER LATE EVERY EVENING
5) A:MY BROTHER IS A REALLY GOOD SWIMER.
B:DOES HE SWIM A LOT?
6) A:YES,HE DOES HE GETS UP VERY EARLU AND
SWIM FOR TWO HOURS BEFORE BREAKFAST.THEN HE GOES BACK TO THE SWIMING POOL AFTER WORK.
B:DOES HE GO OUT WITH HIS FRIENDS MUCH?
7)A:ONLY AT WEEKEDS HE DOSEN'T GO OUT IN THE WEEK AT ALL
3. COMPLETE THE DIALOGUES USING ONE OF THE VERBS BELOW IN THE PRESENT CONTINUOS
A:WHAT ARE YOU DOING AT THE MOMENT?
B:I'M GOIN ON A BUS WITH SOME FRIENDS.
A:WHAT ABOUT YOU?
B:I HAVE LUNCH WITH MY FAMILY
A:IS JACK WATCHING TV?
B:NO,HE ISN'T.HE CHECKING HIS EMAILS.
A:ARE YOU AND JOHN DOING ANY EXCERSICE AT THE MOMENT?
B:YES,LOST WE WALKING TO WORK AND WE GETTING TAKE-AWAY PIZZAS AT THE MOMENT
4.CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVES.
I USUALLY GO TO WORK BY CAR
1.LISTEN TO THAT MAN.WATH LANGUAGE OES HE SPEAK?
2.IT ISN'N RAINING MUCH IN THE SUMMER HERE
3.YOU'RE WORKING VERY HARD TODAY
4.DO YOU PREFER TEA OR COFFEE?
5.I STAYING AT THE HOTEL IN LONDON FOR A WEEK.
6.WHO'S THAT WOMAN?WHAT IS SHE WANTING
5.COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS WITH RHE CORRECT VERB.
DO YOU WATCH TV EVERY EVENING?
1.HOW OFTEN DO YOU GO CLOBBING?
2.DO YOU NEED AN ALARM CLOCK TO WAKE UP IN THE MORNING?
3.DO YOU HAVE A SNACK BEFORE YOU GO TO BED?
4.DO YOU USUALLY LISTEN TO THE RADIO AT WORK?
5. WHERE DO YOU USUALLY DO YOUR HOMEWORK?
6.DO YOU FIND IT EASY TO FALL ASLEEP?
7.HOW OFTEN DO YOU CATCH A BUS TO WORK?
8.HOW OFTEN DO YOU CHAT ON THE PHONE TO YOUR BEST FRIEND?
GOING TO
Future GOING TO:
Affirmative:
I am going to be a farmer.
You are going to be tired.
You are going to have to rest.
He/She/It is going to besick.
He/She/It is going to have fever.
We are going to be musicians.
We are going to have instruments.
You are going to be shouting.
You are going to have to shut up.
They are going to be rich.
They are going to have money.
Negative:
I am not going to be a farmer.
I am not going to have a farm.
You are not going to betired.
You are not going to have to rest.
He/She/It is not going to be sick.
He/She/It is not going to have fever.
We are not going to be musicians.
We are not going to have instruments.
You are not going to be shouting.
You are not going to have to shut up.
They are not going to be rich.
They are not going to have money.
Interrogative:
Am I going to be a farmer?
Am I going to have a farm?
Are you going to be tired?
Are you going to have to rest?
Is he/she/it going to be sick?
Is he/she/it going to have fever?
Are we going to be musicians?
Are we going to have instruments?
Are you going to be shouting?
Are you going to have to shut up?
Are they going to be rich?
Are they going to have money?
The beer more famous in Colombia is the Aguila, many people drink
and feel the texture that has this Drinks.
the company Bavaria is big tanks at the Aguila beer.
The excess of alcohol is detrimental for the health.
The spirits usually deteriorate the neurons of the people who consume them and produce causes dangerous.
WARNINGS BEFORE EMBORRACHAR :
As well as in the cigarette packages, the Government is considering to emit a law that he notices to the consumers on the danger of the excess of alcohol in the packages of these drinks, with legend like these:
WARNING: The alcohol consumption is the main cause to dance like stupid idiot.
WARNING: The alcohol consumption can cause that it says the same boring history time and time again until their friends want TO GIVE a BEATING HIM.
WARNING: The alcohol consumption can take it to think that their ex--fiancèes are really desperate and eager who in the morning call them by telephone to four.
adverbs of frequency
The following list shows the most common adverbs of frequency, with the one that refers to things that happen most often at the top, and least often at the bottom:
Always
Usually
Frequently
Often
Sometimes
Occasionally
Rarely
Seldom
Hardly ever
Never
Charlotte Church
HARRODS:
Harrods was established in 1834 in London’s East End, when founder Charles Henry Harrod set up a wholesale grocery in Stepney, with a special interest in tea. In 1849, to escape the filth of the inner city and to capitalise on trade to the Great Exhibition of 1851 in nearby Hyde Park, Harrod took over a small shop in the district of Knightsbridge, on the site of the current store. Beginning in a single room employing two assistants and a messenger boy, Harrod’s son Charles Digby Harrod built the business into a thriving retail operation selling medicines, perfumes, stationery, fruit, and vegetables. Harrods rapidly expanded, acquired the adjoining buildings, and employed one hundred people by 1880.
However, the store’s booming fortunes were reversed in early December 1883, when it burnt to the ground. Remarkably, in view of this calamity, Charles Harrod fulfilled all of his commitments to his customers to make Christmas deliveries that year — and made a record profit in the process. In short order, a new building was raised on the same site, and soon Harrods extended credit for the first time to its best customers, among them Oscar Wilde, legendary actresses Lilly Langtry and Ellen Terry, Noël Coward, Sigmund Freud, A. A. Milne, and many members of the British royal family.
